How can HVAC systems help reduce virus transmission?
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Concerns have been raised about the role HVAC systems play in the transmission of airborne viruses.
According to Health Canada, viruses are known to spread through droplets that are dispersed when an infected person breathes, talks, sings, shouts, coughs or sneezes. In addition to maintaining physical distancing, masking and proper hand hygiene, improving indoor air quality through increased ventilation is an additional step. Ventilation, either through open windows, or through HVAC systems, can increase the amount of outside air brought inside, diluting the number of viral particles in the air, and help reduce the risk of exposure.
Recirculation-only systems with no, or very limited, outside air can become a large threat. High risk environments can include those using:
- Wall-mounted ductless air conditioners
- Window air conditioners
- Supplemental fans being used within an enclosed environment
Ways to help safeguard against virus transmission through HVAC systems:
Filtration – go for a higher MERV
The filters that are specified for typical commercial buildings are a MERV 8. The better option is a MERV 13, a filter rated for virus reduction. Some systems, especially residential ones, can have lower airflow rates with these higher MERV numbers though, so capacity could be reduced using these anti-virus varieties. These filters should be changed frequently, with 90 days of service being the maximum period before replacement.
Filtration – go for a higher MERV
The filters that are specified for typical commercial buildings are a MERV 8. The better option is a MERV 13, a filter rated for virus reduction. Some systems, especially residential ones, can have lower airflow rates with these higher MERV numbers though, so capacity could be reduced using these anti-virus varieties. These filters should be changed frequently, with 90 days of service being the maximum period before replacement.
Enhance air cleaning technology
Healthcare facilities, health clubs, airports, and offices can also help reduce the spread of viruses by using added protection within their HVAC systems including:
Ultraviolet C (UV-C) lighting systems – UVC exposure eliminates microbial organisms such as bacteria and viruses by altering the structure and the molecular bonds of their DNA.
Bipolar ionization systems – Bipolar ionization technology releases charged atoms that attach to and deactivate harmful substances like bacteria, mold, allergens, and viruses.
Note that specific engineering design is required for the proper use of these technologies.
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